Effectiveness of physical education to promote motor competence in primary school children     

Vítor P. Lopes  David F. Stodden  Luis P. Rodrigues 《Physical Education & Sport Pedagogy》2017,22(6):589-602

Background: Motor skill (MS) competence is an important contributing factor for healthy development.

Purpose: The goal was to test the effectiveness of primary school physical education (PE) on MS and physical fitness (PF) development.

Methods: Three classes (n?=?60, aged 9.0?±?0.9) were randomly assigned to three diverse conditions during a school year: two PE lessons/week (PE-2), three PE lessons/week (PE-3), and no PE lessons control group (CG). BMI, skinfolds, PF (9-min run/walk, sit-up, modified pull-ups), gymnastics, soccer, handball, basketball and track-and-field skills were evaluated. Effect sizes (d) were reported as magnitude of change.

Results: Skinfolds significantly increased only in CG (d?=?1.21). PF composite z-scores improved in PE-3 (d?=?0.61), but decreased in PE-2 (d?=?0.57), and had no changes in CG. Statistically significant improvement was verified in gymnastics and handball skills in both experimental groups (gymnastic: d?=?2.95 and d?=?2.61 for PE-3 and PE-2, respectively; handball: d?=?1.87 and d?=?0.57 for PE-3 and PE-2, respectively), and no changes were seen in CG. In soccer, there were improvements only in the PE-3 (d?=?0.55), and in basketball only in PE-2 (d?=?0.46). There were no changes in any group for track-and-field skills.

Conclusions: PE programs can effectively promote PF and MS development.  相似文献   

Long-term endurance training increases serum cathepsin S and decreases IL-6 and hsCRP levels     

Michael Sponder  Ioana-Alexandra Campean  Michael Emich  Monika Fritzer-Szekeres  Brigitte Litschauer  Jutta Bergler-Klein 《Journal of sports sciences》2017,35(21):2129-2134

Cathepsin S (CS) was shown to play a key role in cancer progression, atherosclerosis, heart valve disease, insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus. The present prospective study aimed to investigate the influence of sports on CS, interleukin-6 (Il-6) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) levels.

Ninety-eight of 109 participants completed the study. Ergometries were performed at baseline and after 8 months to evaluate/quantify the performance gain. Blood samples were taken at baseline and every 2 months. CS was measured by ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). Compared to the control group (mean performance gain ?3.41 ± 4.62%) we observed a significant physical-activity-induced increase of CS levels (3.45–3.73 ng · ml^?1; P = 0.027) and a significant decrease of Il-6 (2.43–1.91 pg · ml^?1; P = 0.031) and hsCRP-levels (0.11–0.09 mg · dl^?1; P = 0.001) in the intervention group (mean performance gain: 12.13 ± 6.32%). Furthermore, the tendency of the progression was significant for CS and Il-6 (P = 0.002/0.033).

We could show a significant sports-induced decrease of the classic inflammation parameters hsCRP/Il-6, probably expressing a downregulation of permanently prevalent inflammation processes. Simultaneously CS levels increased significantly. Our results show that increasing CS amounts are not simply to equal with an enhanced inflammation status and might even have beneficial effects on inflammation and angiogenesis.  相似文献   

第四代移动通信技术研究     

张函清 《黑龙江科技信息》2010,(15):82-82

移动通信技术的发展历程可以划分为三个阶段,即第一代模拟移动通信系统、第二代数字移动通信系统、第三代多媒体移动通信系统。本文简单介绍了移动通信技术的发展历程,重点论述了第四代移动通信系统(4th Generation 4G)的概念及相关术,并指出其今后的发展趋势。  相似文献   

Parents' views of the efficacy of conductive education in Sweden     

Lena Lind 《欧洲特需教育杂志》2013,28(1):42-54

Parents of children who have participated in a conductive education programme in Sweden were asked questions about their reasons for choosing the programme, the expectations they had of it and how they were fulfilled. The results showed that the parents were satisfied with the development of their child, and wanted to continue to take part in further courses with their child. They appreciated the intensive training and found it motivating and enjoyable for the child. They wanted an intensive training for their child because they believed that active training could help the child to develop. The parents learned more about cerebral palsy at the courses and now understood why and how they could train their child. Most of the parents continued the training at home with the child. They experienced financial difficulties in participating in further courses, and found it difficult to stay away from work and family for a long period of time.  相似文献   

N-甲基苯氨基-4,6-二甲氧基-1,3,5三嗪的合成与表征     

李宪平  肖深初  熊知行  梅光泉 《宜春学院学报》2006,28(6):19-21

目的:为了进一步研究与发展均三嗪衍生物的制备方法.方法:在丙酮介质中,三聚氯氰先后与N-甲基苯胺、甲醇反应,合成了N-甲基苯氨基-4,6-二甲氧基-1,3,5三嗪.结果:标题化合物经红外光谱和质谱对它进行了表征,筛选出了最佳的工艺条件.结论:制备方法简单,反应条件温和,效果良好.  相似文献   

尿素对若丹明6G在MMA-MA体系中的协同效应     

何宜  张雪馨 《中山大学学报论丛》1990,(3)

研究了尿素对若丹明6G(R6G)在甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)和甲基丙烯酸(MA)聚合体系中的协同效应,尿素的存在使R6G的缔合平衡向单分子体方向移动。在MA溶液中尿素与R6G以1∶1形成分子间络合物,络合平衡常数为80mol~(-1)。荧光量子效率随尿素的含量增加而增大,R6G在MMA-MA共聚物固溶态介质中的表面荧光强度比相应组分在聚合前的液态介质中要高。  相似文献   

The Impact of a Professional Development Program on Student Achievement in Grade 6 Mathematics     

John A. Ross  Anne Hogaboam-Gray  Chatherine Bruce 《Journal of Mathematics Teacher Education》2006,9(6):1-27

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长光程薄层光谱电化学技术及应用     

郁章玉  张为超  翟翠萍  汪汉卿 《实验室研究与探索》2003,22(6):40-44

提供电子转移反应实验研究的实验装置及技术，依此可获得电子转移数、式电极电势、式异相电子转移速率常数、电子传递系数及还原态和氧化态的扩散系数等一系列重要的电化学参数。还可依此为基础设计出新颖、实用的教学实验。  相似文献   

六世班禅朝觐与廓尔喀入侵     

李然 《承德师专学报》2004,24(3):16-20

六世班禅到承德朝觐乾隆皇帝和廓尔喀入侵西藏都是在深刘而复杂的国际国内政治环境下发生的.班禅圆寂后留下了巨额财产,这直接引发了廓尔喀入侵西藏.清政府在取得了对廓尔喀的反击战胜利后,进一步改革了西藏的政治、宗教管理体制,并制定了影响深远的<钦定二十九条善后章程>.  相似文献   

社会泄愤事件中群体心理的机制研究——以瓮安“6·28”事件为例   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

黄灵辉 《襄樊学院学报》2011,32(4):36-41

泄愤事件是群体激愤情绪表达的直接结果。群体负性心理从同情到不满到怨恨,最后演变为激愤。同情是心理平台、不满是基础心理、怨恨是关键心理、处置不当是外部力量构成了群体负性心理的演进机制。行为主体的正义感、逆反心理、发泄心理和表现欲是心理来源,暗示与感染、顺从与模仿是演绎途径构成了激愤情绪从个体到群体的扩展机制。以现场管理为关键、以民主公正为原则、以制度建设为依托、以执政理念提升为根本、以魅力型领导为权威、以心理攻势为主要手法、以民主协商对等谈判为途径,从处置技术、制度建设和执政理念等不同层面共同形成群体心理的阻断机制。  相似文献